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Bad breath (halitosis) is a widespread concern that can affect daily communication, social comfort, and self-confidence. While most cases stem from poor oral hygiene, experts emphasize that persistent bad breath may also signal underlying health problems that require medical attention.
Speaking during Oral and Dental Health Week, Dentist Arzu Tekkeli from Anadolu Medical Center highlights that halitosis is not limited to tooth decay or tartar buildup.
“Bad breath can also be linked to systemic issues such as reflux, sinusitis, diabetes, or tonsil stones. When the odor becomes constant and does not improve with routine care, consulting a specialist is essential,” she notes.
According to Dr. Tekkeli, incorporating consistent oral care habits can significantly reduce bad breath. Dry mouth, reduced saliva flow, or bacterial accumulation on the tongue are some of the leading contributors. Maintaining proper hydration, avoiding alcohol and smoking, performing tongue cleaning, and attending regular dental check-ups are among the most effective preventive strategies.
However, if bad breath becomes persistent, intense, or recurrent, a deeper medical evaluation may be necessary to rule out other conditions.
Below are the six most common causes of bad breath, explained by Dr. Arzu Tekkeli:
1. Oral Health Problems
Tooth decay, infected teeth, tartar buildup, and retained root fragments are among the primary causes of halitosis. These conditions create pockets where bacteria thrive, producing odor-causing compounds.
2. Poor Oral Hygiene
Failure to brush at least twice a day or neglecting dental flossing allows bacteria to accumulate between the teeth and below the gum line. This buildup contributes directly to unpleasant odors.
3. Bacterial Accumulation on the Tongue
Research shows that the tongue harbors a significant amount of odor-producing bacteria. Cleaning the tongue along with brushing the teeth can dramatically decrease bad breath by removing this bacterial layer.
4. Systemic Health Conditions
Beyond oral causes, several medical conditions can lead to chronic bad breath:
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Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
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Stomach disorders
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Tonsil stones (tonsilloliths)
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Chronic sinusitis
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Diabetes
These conditions alter the environment in the mouth or respiratory system, contributing to persistent halitosis.
5. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Saliva plays a crucial role in cleansing the mouth and neutralizing acids. Reduced saliva production increases the likelihood of both cavities and bad breath. Dry mouth may result from smoking, alcohol consumption, certain medications, or inadequate water intake.
6. Morning Breath
Morning breath is common due to decreased saliva flow during sleep, allowing bacteria to multiply. While this is usually harmless, odor that continues throughout the day may be a sign that a professional dental examination is needed.
Final Note
Bad breath is often treatable with proper oral hygiene and lifestyle adjustments. However, long-lasting halitosis should never be ignored. Seeking expert guidance ensures both oral health and overall wellness are protected.
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